The Resurgence of Global Space Exploration and Japan’s Strategic Moves

Introduction

Since the successful Apollo moon landing in 1969, the world has not witnessed such a fervent interest in space exploration until recent years. The surge in international space enterprises has intensified competition in space development, marked by a record number of rocket launches in 2023. This renewed vigor in space exploration is largely attributed to initiatives like NASA’s Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, which has significantly boosted private sector involvement.

The Rise of Private Sector in Space Industry

Over the past decade, the number of satellites launched into orbit has increased elevenfold. This surge is primarily due to NASA’s COTS program, initiated in 2006, which outsourced cargo transportation to the International Space Station (ISS) to private companies. This move not only guaranteed substantial orders for selected companies but also propelled many startups into becoming high-tech giants, attracting significant venture capital. By 2022, private sector investments accounted for over 70% of the $380 billion global space industry.

Leading Players: SpaceX and Blue Origin